Abstract
The essential oil of wild carrot (*Daucus carota* L. ssp. *carota*) flowers was characterized and evaluated for biological activity. α-Pinene (22.2%) was identified as the predominant component, followed by β-asarone (15.1%), sabinene (12.4%), and α-himachalene (10.1%). The oil showed significant inhibition of six bacterial and seven mold strains at 0.45 mg/mL, and demonstrated insecticidal activity against the rice weevil *Sitophilus oryzae*, suggesting potential as a natural biopesticide.
Introduction
Growing concerns about the environmental impact of synthetic antimicrobials and insecticides have intensified interest in plant-based alternatives. The Apiaceae family, which includes Daucus carota, is a rich source of biologically active essential oils.
Chemical Composition
Key components identified in the flower essential oil:
| Component | Percentage |
|---|---|
| α-Pinene | 22.2% |
| β-Asarone | 15.1% |
| Sabinene | 12.4% |
| α-Himachalene | 10.1% |
Antimicrobial Activity
Significant inhibitory activity was demonstrated against:
- 6 bacterial species
- 7 mold species
- Minimum inhibitory concentration: 0.45 mg/mL
Insecticidal Activity
The oil exhibited dose-dependent toxicity against Sitophilus oryzae (rice weevil), a major stored-grain pest, supporting its potential as a botanical insecticide.
Conclusion
This work contributes to the evidence base for D. carota essential oil as a multi-purpose natural bioactive agent and supports reduced reliance on synthetic agrochemicals.